Is H2 Polar or Nonpolar? (Why? & How?)

H2 is a NONPOLAR molecule.

But why? 

And how can you say that H2 is a nonpolar molecule?

Want to know the reason?
Let’s dive into it!

H2 (or Hydrogen gas) is a NONPOLAR molecule because any two bonding atoms whose electronegativity difference value is less than 0.4 forms a nonpolar bond.
Here in H2 molecule, both the atoms are Hydrogen atoms. Because of this, the electronegativity difference of both the Hydrogen atoms (H = 2.2) is 0 (i.e 2.2 – 2.2 = 0). This  value (0) is less than 0.4, hence the H2 molecule is a nonpolar molecule.

Didn’t understand what is written above?

Let me explain this in a short and simple way (with 3D images).
You can also watch this short 2 minute video).

Why is H2 a Nonpolar molecule? (Explained!)

H2 is a nonpolar molecule because it does not have any pole of positive charge and negative charge on it. This is because both the atoms are identical (i.e both the atoms are hydrogen atoms only).

But wait, let me give you some detailed information about the nonpolar nature of H2 molecule.

The chemical bonds can be either nonpolar, polar or ionic depending on the difference of the electronegativity values (ΔEN) between the two atoms.

Have a look at the above image.

• If the electronegativity difference (ΔEN) is less than 0.4, then the bond is nonpolar covalent bond.
• If the electronegativity difference (ΔEN) is between 0.4 to 1.7, then the bond is polar covalent bond. 
• If the electronegativity difference (ΔEN) is greater than 1.7, then the bond is an ionic bond. ^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]}

Now let’s come to the example of N2 molecule.

You can see the electronegativity value of Hydrogen (H) atom from the periodic table given below.

From the above image;

• Electronegativity of Hydrogen (H) = 2.2 ^[6]

So for H2, the electronegativity difference (ΔEN) = 2.2 – 2.2 = 0

This value is less than 0.4, which indicates that the bond between both the Hydrogen (H) atoms is nonpolar covalent bond.

Hence, H2 (or Hydrogen gas) is a nonpolar molecule.

How H2 becomes a Nonpolar molecule?

In a H2 molecule, there are two hydrogen atoms (H). Both these hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded with each other by sharing one electron pair between them.

Here both the atoms are identical, so the electron pairs are equally attracted by both the hydrogen atoms.

As the electron pairs are equally attracted towards both the hydrogen atoms, there will not be any partial positive charge (ẟ+) or partial negative charge (ẟ-) on the Hydrogen atoms (H).

And as there are no positive and negative poles of charges on the H2 molecule, it is a nonpolar molecule.

I hope you have understood the reason behind the nonpolar nature of H2 (i.e hydrogen gas) molecule.

See the polarity of other molecules to make your concepts clear:
Is CBr4 Polar or Nonpolar?
Is OF2 Polar or Nonpolar?
Is Ethanol (C2H5OH) Polar or Nonpolar?
Is BeCl2 Polar or Nonpolar?
Is PH3 Polar or Nonpolar?