Lewis Structure of CCl4 (With 6 Simple Steps to Draw!)

Ready to learn how to draw the lewis structure of CCl4?

Awesome!

Here, I have explained 6 simple steps to draw the lewis dot structure of CCl4 (along with images).

So, if you are ready to go with these 6 simple steps, then let’s dive right into it!

Lewis structure of CCl4 contains four single bonds between the Carbon (C) atom and each Chlorine (Cl) atom. The Carbon atom (C) is at the center and it is surrounded by 4 Chlorine atoms (Cl). The Carbon atom does not have a lone pair while all four chlorine atoms have three lone pairs each.

Let’s draw and understand this lewis dot structure step by step.

(Note: Take a pen and paper with you and try to draw this lewis structure along with me. I am sure you will definitely learn how to draw lewis structure of CCl4).

6 Steps to Draw the Lewis Structure of CCl4

Step #1: Calculate the total number of valence electrons

Here, the given molecule is CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride). In order to draw the lewis structure of CCl4, first of all you have to find the total number of valence electrons present in the CCl4 molecule.
(Valence electrons are the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom).

So, let’s calculate this first.

Calculation of valence electrons in CCl4

• For Carbon:

Carbon is a group 14 element on the periodic table. ^[1]

Hence, the valence electrons present in carbon is 4 (see below image).

• For Chlorine:

Chlorine is a group 17 element on the periodic table. ^[2]

Hence, the valence electron present in chlorine is 7 (see below image).

Hence in a CCl4 molecule, 

Valence electrons given by Carbon (C) atom = 4
Valence electrons given by each Chlorine (Cl) atom = 7
So, total number of Valence electrons in CCl4 molecule = 4 + 7(4) = 32

Step #2: Select the center atom

While selecting the center atom, always put the least electronegative atom at the center.

(Remember: Fluorine is the most electronegative element on the periodic table and the electronegativity decreases as we move right to left in the periodic table as well as top to bottom in the periodic table). ^[3]

Here in the CCl4 molecule, if we compare the carbon atom (C) and chlorine atom (Cl), then carbon is less electronegative than chlorine.

So, carbon should be placed in the center and the remaining 4 chlorine atoms will surround it.

Step #3: Put two electrons between the atoms to represent a chemical bond

Now in the above sketch of CCl4 molecule, put the two electrons (i.e electron pair) between each carbon atom and chlorine atom to represent a chemical bond between them.

These pairs of electrons present between the Carbon (C) and Chlorine (Cl) atoms form a chemical bond, which bonds the carbon and chlorine atoms with each other in a CCl4 molecule.

Step #4: Complete the octet (or duplet) on outside atoms. If the valence electrons are left, then put the valence electrons pair on the central atom

Don’t worry, I’ll explain!

In the Lewis structure of CCl4, the outer atoms are chlorine atoms.

So now, you have to complete the octet on these chlorine atoms (because chlorine requires 8 electrons to have a complete outer shell).

Now, you can see in the above image that all the chlorine atoms form an octet.

Also, all the 32 valence electrons of CCl4 molecule (as calculated in step #1) are used in the above structure. So there are no remaining electron pairs.

Hence there is no change in the above sketch of CCl4.

Let’s move to the next step.

Step #5: Check whether the central atom has octet or not. If it does not have an octet, then move the electron pair from the outer atom to form a double bond or triple bond

In this step, we have to check whether the central atom (i.e carbon) has an octet or not. 

In simple words, we have to check whether the central Carbon (C) atom is having 8 electrons or not.

As you can see from the above image, the central atom (i.e carbon), has 8 electrons. So it fulfills the octet rule and the carbon atom is stable.

Step #6: Check the stability of lewis structure by calculating the formal charge on each atom

Now, you have come to the final step and here you have to check the formal charge on carbon atom (C) as well as each chlorine atom (Cl).

For that, you need to remember the formula of formal charge;

Formal charge = Valence electrons – Nonbonding electrons – (Bonding electrons)/2

• For Carbon:
  Valence electrons = 4 (as it is in group 14)
  Nonbonding electrons = 0
  Bonding electrons = 8
• For Chlorine:
  Valence electron = 7 (as it is in group 17)
  Nonbonding electrons = 6
  Bonding electrons = 2

Formal charge	=	Valence electrons	–	Nonbonding electrons	–	(Bonding electrons)/2
C	=	4	–	0	–	8/2	=	0
Cl	=	7	–	6	–	2/2	=	0

So you can see above that the formal charges on carbon as well as chlorine are “zero”.

Hence, there will not be any change in the above structure and the above lewis structure of CCl4 is the final stable structure only.

Each electron pair (:) in the lewis dot structure of CCl4 represents the single bond ( | ). So the above lewis dot structure of CCl4 can also be represented as shown below.

Related lewis structures for your practice:
Lewis structure of CS2
Lewis structure of SF6
Lewis structure of PH3
Lewis structure of NO
Lewis structure of N2O

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