Lewis Structure of BrCl4- (With 5 Simple Steps to Draw!)

I’m super excited to teach you the lewis structure of BrCl4- ion in just 5 simple steps.

Infact, I’ve also given the step-by-step images for drawing the lewis dot structure of BrCl4- ion.

So, if you are ready to go with these 5 simple steps, then let’s dive right into it!

Lewis structure of BrCl4- ion contains four single bonds between the Bromine (Br) atom and each Chlorine (Cl) atom. The Bromine atom (Br) is at the center and it is surrounded by 4 Chlorine atoms (Cl). The Bromine atom has 2 lone pairs and it also has -1 formal charge.

Let’s draw and understand this lewis dot structure step by step.

(Note: Take a pen and paper with you and try to draw this lewis structure along with me. I am sure you will definitely learn how to draw lewis structure of BrCl4-).

5 Steps to Draw the Lewis Structure of BrCl4-

Step #1: Calculate the total number of valence electrons

Here, the given ion is BrCl4- ion. In order to draw the lewis structure of BrCl4- ion, first of all you have to find the total number of valence electrons present in the BrCl4- ion.
(Valence electrons are the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom).

So, let’s calculate this first.

Calculation of valence electrons in BrCl4-

• For Bromine:

Bromine is a group 17 element on the periodic table. ^[1]

Hence, the valence electrons present in bromine is 7 (see below image).

• For Chlorine:

Chlorine is a group 17 element on the periodic table. ^[2]

Hence, the valence electron present in chlorine is 7 (see below image).

Hence in a BrCl4- ion, 

Valence electrons given by Bromine (Br) atom = 7
Valence electrons given by each Chlorine (Cl) atom = 7
Electron due to -1 charge, 1 more electron is added
So, total number of Valence electrons in BrCl4- ion = 7 + 7(4) + 1 = 36

Step #2: Select the center atom

While selecting the center atom, always put the least electronegative atom at the center.

(Remember: Fluorine is the most electronegative element on the periodic table and the electronegativity decreases as we move right to left in the periodic table as well as top to bottom in the periodic table). ^[1]

Here in the BrCl4 molecule, if we compare the bromine atom (Br) and chlorine atom (Cl), then bromine is less electronegative than chlorine.

So, bromine should be placed in the center and the remaining 4 chlorine atoms will surround it.

Step #3: Put two electrons between the atoms to represent a chemical bond

Now in the above sketch of BrCl4 molecule, put the two electrons (i.e electron pair) between each bromine atom and chlorine atom to represent a chemical bond between them.

These pairs of electrons present between the Bromine (Br) and Chlorine (Cl) atoms form a chemical bond, which bonds the bromine and chlorine atoms with each other in a BrCl4 molecule.

Step #4: Complete the octet (or duplet) on outside atoms. If the valence electrons are left, then put the valence electrons pair on the central atom

Don’t worry, I’ll explain!

In the Lewis structure of BrCl4, the outer atoms are chlorine atoms.

So now, you have to complete the octet on these chlorine atoms (because chlorine requires 8 electrons to have a complete outer shell).

Now, you can see in the above image that all the chlorine atoms form an octet.

Also, only 32 valence electrons of BrCl4- ion are used in the above structure.

But there are total 36 valence electrons in BrCl4- ion (as calculated in step #1).

So the number of electrons left to be kept on the central atom = 36 – 32 = 4.

So let’s keep these four electrons (i.e 2 electron pairs) on the central atom.

Now, let’s move to the next step.

Step #5: Check the stability of lewis structure by calculating the formal charge on each atom

Now, you have come to the final step and here you have to check the formal charge on bromine atom (Br) as well as each chlorine atom (Cl).

For that, you need to remember the formula of formal charge;

Formal charge = Valence electrons – Nonbonding electrons – (Bonding electrons)/2

• For Bromine:
  Valence electrons = 7 (as it is in group 17)
  Nonbonding electrons = 2
  Bonding electrons = 8
• For Chlorine:
  Valence electron = 7 (as it is in group 17)
  Nonbonding electrons = 6
  Bonding electrons = 2

Formal charge	=	Valence electrons	–	Nonbonding electrons	–	(Bonding electrons)/2
Br	=	7	–	4	–	8/2	=	-1
Cl	=	7	–	6	–	2/2	=	0

Let’s keep this charge on the bromine atom in the above lewis structure of BrCl4 molecule.

As you can see in the above sketch, there is one -ve charge on the bromine atom, which indicates the -1 formal charge on the BrCl4 molecule.

Hence, the above lewis structure of BrCl4- ion is the stable lewis structure.

Each electron pair (:) in the lewis dot structure of BrCl4- ion represents the single bond ( | ). So the above lewis dot structure of BrCl4- ion can also be represented as shown below.

Related lewis structures for your practice:
Lewis Structure of SeO
Lewis Structure of ICN
Lewis Structure of P2H4
Lewis Structure of SI6
Lewis Structure of CBr2F2 

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