Bromine (Br) – Periodic Table [Element Information & More]

Bromine element (Br) is in group 17 and period 4 of a periodic table. Bromine is in the p-block and it is classified as a halogen group element on the periodic table.

There is a lot more information related to bromine which is mentioned in the Information Table given below.

So let’s dive right into it!

Table of contents

• Bromine element (Information Table)
• Bromine element in Periodic table
• Facts about Bromine
• Properties of Bromine
• Uses of Bromine

Bromine Element (Information Table)

The important data related to bromine element is given in the table below.

Appearance of bromine	Reddish brown color
Atomic number of bromine	35
Symbol of bromine	Br
Atomic mass of bromine	79.904 u
Protons, Neutrons & Electrons in bromine	Protons: 35, Neutrons: 45, Electrons: 35
State of bromine (at STP)	Liquid
Group number of bromine in periodic table	17
Period number of bromine in periodic table	4
Block of bromine in periodic table	p-block
Category of bromine	Nonmetals (halogens)
Bohr model or Electrons per shell or Electrons arrangement in bromine	2, 8, 18, 7
Electron configuration of bromine	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
Orbital diagram of bromine
Valence electrons in bromine	7
Electronegativity of bromine (on pauling scale)	2.96
Atomic radius of bromine (van der Waals radius)	183 picometers
Density of bromine (Br2)	3.12 g/cm3
1st ionization energy of bromine	11.814 eV
Main isotope of bromine	79Br (51%) and 81Br (49%)
Melting point of bromine (Br2)	265.8 K or -7.2 °C or 19 °F
Boiling point of bromine (Br2)	332 K or 58.8 °C or 137.8 °F
Crystal structure of bromine	Orthorhombic
Discovery of bromine	By Antoine Jerome Balard and Carl Jacob Lowig (in 1825)

Also see: Interactive Periodic Table (It has rotating bohr models as well as many other details of all the 118 elements in a single periodic table).

Bromine element in Periodic table

The Bromine element (Br) has the atomic number 35 and is located in group 17 and period 4. Bromine is a nonmetal and it is classified as a halogen element.

Click on above elements in the periodic table to see their information.

Facts about bromine

Here are a few interesting facts about bromine element.

1. Bromine was named on the basis of the Greek word “bromos”.
2. Bromine is the nonmetal that is in liquid state at STP.
3. Bromine and mercury are the only elements on the entire periodic table that are in liquid state at STP.
4. Bromine is the 3^rd lightest halogen in the periodic table.
5. Bromine is in liquid state and it is 3 times denser than water.
6. Bromine is the 44^th most abundant element present in the earth’s crust.
7. Bromine is present in the earth’s crust at a concentration of 2.4 ppm.
8. Pure bromine is toxic and it can burn the skin.
9. Bromine atoms are more harmful for the ozone layer as compared to that of chlorine atoms.

Properties of bromine

Here is a list of some physical properties and chemical properties of bromine.

Physical properties of bromine

• Bromine is a liquid nonmetal and it has a reddish-brown appearance.
• The melting point and boiling point of bromine is -7.2 °C and 58.8 °C respectively.
• The vapors of bromine irritates our eyes and it also has a very pungent smell.
• Bromine has 2 stable isotopes (⁷⁹Br and ⁸¹Br).
• The bromine has a density of 3.12 g/cm³ and its atomic mass is 79.904 u.

Chemical properties of bromine

• Bromine is not found in its free state due to its high reactivity.
• Bromine always exists as a Br₂ molecule.
• The electron configuration of bromine is [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵ (with electron shell arrangement: 2, 8, 18, 7) and it requires only one electron to get the complete octet in the outer shell.
• Bromine produces salts when it reacts with metals.
• The most common oxidation state of bromine is -1.

Uses of bromine

Here are some uses of the bromine element.

• Bromine is used in agricultural industries to make insecticides as well as other chemicals.
• Bromine is also used for purifying the water.
• In ancient times, bromine was also used as a dye material.
• Bromine can be added to swimming pools as an alternative to chlorine.
• Bromine is also used in making of flame retardant material.
• Silver bromide is used in photography.

External resources:

1. Bromine – Wikipedia. (2016, January 5). Bromine – Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine
2. It’s Elemental – The Element Bromine. (n.d.). It’s Elemental – the Element Bromine. https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele035.html
3. Possolo, et al. (2018, January 4). Interpreting and propagating the uncertainty of the standard atomic weights (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 90(2), 395–424. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-0402
4. Emsley, J. (2011). Nature’s Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. United Kingdom: OUP Oxford.
5. Haynes, W. M. (Ed.). (2014, June 4). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17118
6. Periodic Table of Elements: Los Alamos National Laboratory. (n.d.). Periodic Table of Elements: Los Alamos National Laboratory. https://periodic.lanl.gov/35.shtml
7. Atomic Weight of Bromine | Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights. (n.d.). Atomic Weight of Bromine | Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights. https://ciaaw.org/bromine.htm
8. Atomic Data for Bromine (Br). (n.d.). Atomic Data for Bromine (Br). https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Handbook/Tables/brominetable1.htm
9. C&EN: IT’S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE – BROMINE. (n.d.). C&EN: IT’S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE – BROMINE. https://pubsapp.acs.org/cen/80th/bromine.html?
10. P. (n.d.). Bromine. Bromine | Br2 – PubChem. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24408
11. Electronic structure of the elements. (2000, March). The European Physical Journal C, 15(1–4), 78–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02683401
12. James A. M. & Lord M. P. (1992). Macmillan’s chemical and physical data. Macmillan.
13. Bedford, et al. (1996, April 1). Recommended values of temperature on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 for a selected set of secondary reference points. Metrologia, 33(2), 133–154. https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/33/2/3
14. Allred, A. (1961, June). Electronegativity values from thermochemical data. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 17(3–4), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5
15. CDC | Facts About Bromine. (2018, April 4). CDC | Facts About Bromine. https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/bromine/basics/facts.asp
16. Bromine – Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table. (n.d.). Bromine – Element Information, Properties and Uses | Periodic Table. https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/35/bromine