
Boron element (B) is in group 13 and period 2 of a periodic table. Boron is in the p-block and it is classified as a Metalloid on the periodic table.
There is a lot more information related to boron which is mentioned in the Information Table given below.
So let’s dive right into it!
Table of contents
- Boron element (Information Table)
- Boron element in Periodic table
- Facts about Boron
- Properties of Boron
- Uses of Boron
Boron Element (Information Table)
The important data related to boron element is given in the table below.
Appearance of boron | Black and brown |
Atomic number of boron | 5 |
Symbol of boron | B |
Atomic mass of boron | 10.81 u |
Protons, Neutrons & Electrons in boron | Protons: 5, Neutrons: 6, Electrons: 5 |
State of boron (at STP) | Solid |
Group number of boron in periodic table | 13 |
Period number of boron in periodic table | 2 |
Block of boron in periodic table | p-block |
Category of boron | Metalloids |
Bohr model or Electrons per shell or Electrons arrangement in boron | 2, 3 |
Electron configuration of boron | [He] 2s2 2p1 |
Orbital diagram of boron | ![]() |
Valence electrons in boron | 3 |
Electronegativity of boron (on pauling scale) | 2.04 |
Atomic radius of boron (van der Waals radius) | 192 picometers |
Density of boron | 2.08 g/cm3 |
1st ionization energy of boron | 8.298 eV |
Main isotope of boron | 11B |
Melting point of boron | 2349 K or 2076 °C or 3769 °F |
Boiling point of boron | 4200 K or 3927 °C or 7101 °F |
Crystal structure of boron | Rhombohedral |
Discovery of boron | By Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thenard (in 1808) |
Also see: Interactive Periodic Table (It has rotating bohr models as well as many other details of all the 118 elements in a single periodic table).
Boron element in Periodic table
The Boron element (B) has the atomic number 5 and is located in group 13 and period 2. Boron is a metalloid and it is classified as a boron group element.
H | He | ||||||||||||||||
Li | Be | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | ||||||||||
Na | Mg | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar | ||||||||||
K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
Cs | Ba | La* | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
Fr | Ra | Ac** | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
*Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | ||||
**Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |
Facts about boron
Here are a few interesting facts about boron element.
- Boron has the highest melting point out of all the metalloids present on the periodic table.
- Boron is the lightest element in the boron family.
- The boron is produced largely in Turkey and the US.
- 50% of the total boron production is used in manufacturing of fiberglass and structural materials.
Properties of boron
Here is a list of some physical properties and chemical properties of boron.
Physical properties of boron
- Boron is a brittle metal having a lustrous black and brown surface.
- The melting point and boiling point of boron is 2349 K and 4200 K respectively.
- The atomic size of boron is 192 picometers.
Chemical properties of boron
- The boron element has 3 valence electrons that form covalent bonds with other elements.
- Boron can easily form oxides, sulfides, nitrides and halides.
- Boron reacts with the air at higher temperature and forms boron trioxide.
- Boron and hydrogen react with each other to form boranes.
Uses of boron
Here are some uses of the boron element.
- The main use of boron is in manufacturing of fiberglass for insulations as well as in other structural materials.
- Boron trifluoride (BF3) is a compound of boron that is used as a catalyst in petrochemical industries.
- Boron is also used in manufacturing of boric acid.
- Boron is added to boron steels in very small proportions to increase its hardenability.
- Boron is also used in making strong permanent magnets.
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