Vanadium (V) – Periodic Table [Element Information & More]

Vanadium element (V) is in group 5 and period 4 of a periodic table. Vanadium is in the d-block and it is classified as a transition element on the periodic table.

There is a lot more information related to vanadium which is mentioned in the Information Table given below.

So let’s dive right into it!

Table of contents

• Vanadium element (Information Table)
• Vanadium element in Periodic table
• Facts about Vanadium
• Properties of Vanadium
• Uses of Vanadium

Vanadium Element (Information Table)

The important data related to vanadium element is given in the table below.

Appearance of vanadium	Shiny bluish gray
Atomic number of vanadium	23
Symbol of vanadium	V
Atomic mass of vanadium	50.942 u
Protons, Neutrons & Electrons in vanadium	Protons: 23, Neutrons: 28, Electrons: 23
State of vanadium (at STP)	Solid
Group number of vanadium in periodic table	5
Period number of vanadium in periodic table	4
Block of vanadium in periodic table	d-block
Category of vanadium	Transition metals
Bohr model or Electrons per shell or Electrons arrangement in vanadium	2, 8, 11, 2
Electron configuration of vanadium	[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Orbital diagram of vanadium
Electronegativity of vanadium (on pauling scale)	1.63
Atomic radius of vanadium (van der Waals radius)	179 picometers
Density of vanadium	6.11 g/cm3
1st ionization energy of vanadium	6.746 eV
Main isotope of vanadium	51V
Melting point of vanadium	2183 K or 1910 °C or 3470 °F
Boiling point of vanadium	3680 K or 3407 °C or 6165 °F
Crystal structure of vanadium	Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Discovery of vanadium	By Andres Manuel del Rio in 1801

Also see: Interactive Periodic Table (It has rotating bohr models as well as many other details of all the 118 elements in a single periodic table).

Vanadium element in Periodic table

The Vanadium element (V) has the atomic number 23 and is located in group 5 and period 4. Vanadium is a metal and it is classified as a transition element.

Click on above elements in the periodic table to see their information.

Facts about vanadium

Here are a few interesting facts about vanadium element.

1. The name “Vanadium” came from the name of Scandinavian goddess of beauty “Vanadis”.
2. Vanadium was discovered in 1801 by Spanish scientist Andres Manuel del Rio.
3. Most of the vanadium (around 80%) is used in the production of steel.
4. Vanadinite (a mineral of vanadium), appears red in color.
5. The proportion of vanadium in the earth’s crust is approximately 150 ppm.
6. Around 98% of vanadium ores are present in South Africa, China and Russia.
7. China is the largest producer of vanadium in the entire world.

Properties of vanadium

Here is a list of some physical properties and chemical properties of vanadium.

Physical properties of vanadium

• Vanadium is moderately hard and ductile metal.
• Vanadium has a shiny bluish gray appearance.
• The naturally occurring vanadium has the stable isotope ⁵¹V.

Chemical properties of vanadium

• Vanadium is chemically less reactive to alkalis and acids.
• A very thin oxide layer is formed on the surface of vanadium metal when kept open in air. For further oxidation, it requires a temperature of 660 °C.
• The electron configuration of vanadium is [Ar] 3d³ 4s² and it is classified as a transition metal on the periodic table.
• Vanadium can also form stable carbides and nitrides, which gives improved properties.

Uses of vanadium

Here are some uses of the vanadium element.

• Vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) is a compound of vanadium that is used as a catalyst for production of H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid).
• Vanadium is used as an alloy with steel in the manufacturing of ferrovanadium.
• Vanadium steel is also used in making axles, frames of bicycles, gears, crankshafts, etc.
• Vanadium is used in making HSS (high speed steels), which contains around 1% to 5% of vanadium content.

External resources:

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5. Periodic Table of Elements: Los Alamos National Laboratory. (n.d.). Periodic Table of Elements: Los Alamos National Laboratory. https://periodic.lanl.gov/23.shtml
6. Atomic Weight of Vanadium | Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights. (n.d.). Atomic Weight of Vanadium | Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights. https://ciaaw.org/vanadium.htm
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